How Memory Works

How Does Memory Work?

Initially, your five senses pick up information.^[2] This information is stored as short-term memory. Short-term memory gives your brain the time to choose which information is important for further processing. If we didn't control incoming information this way, we would be overwhelmed quickly. Once information is selected to be processed, it is stored with similar information, such as the memory of an eggbeater being stored with the concept of kitchen utensils. Over time, memories may be strengthened or fade. Sometimes we fill in details that may not be accurate. We may even alter memories when retrieving them. So, memory is not complete and not necessarily accurate.

Short-term memory causes brain cells to release chemicals called neurotransmitters. These chemicals change the connections between brain cells making them either stronger or weaker. Forgetting seems to occur when these connections become weaker. Strengthening connections can either involve physical changes to the brain cell or it can increase the ability of a cell to release a neurotransmitter.

Information is stored in the same areas of the brain where it is normally processed. Thus, memory of smells is stored in the part of the brain where smells are processed. This makes it easy for the brain to compare similar experiences and store them together. Interestingly, different parts of a memory, for example, the smells and colors related to it, are stored in separate parts of the brain. Declarative memory--when Columbus discovered America, for example--is stored in a specific area. Skills, like playing golf, are stored in another area and emotions in yet another part of the brain.